Fenugreek Seed Galactomannan Aqueous and Extract Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy and Liver Damage by Targeting NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 Axis.

This investigation was conducted to test the potential of the galactomannan (F-GAL) and aqueous extract (FS-AE) of the Fenugreek seed aqueous to prevent liver and kidney damage extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM in rats. Non-diabetic and diabetic rats received the normal saline as a vehicle or were treated with FS-EA or F-GAL at a final concentration of 500 mg/kg/each. Treatments with both drugs reduced fasting hyperglycemia and improved serum and hepatic lipid profiles in the control and diabetic rats. Additionally, F-GAL and FS-AE attenuated the associated reduction in the mass and structure of the islets of Langerhans in diabetic rats and improved the structure of the kidneys and livers. In association, they also reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxides, factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear levels of NF-κB p65, and improved serum levels of ALT, AST, albumin, and creatinine. However, both treatments increased hepatic and renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the livers and kidneys of both the control and diabetic-treated rats, which coincided with a significant increase in transcription, translation, and nuclear localization of Nrf2. In conclusion, FS-AE and F-GAL are effective therapeutic options that may afford a possible treatment for T1DM by attenuating pancreatic damage, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic and renal damage.

Camel milk protein hydrosylate alleviates hepatic steatosis and hypertension in high fructose-fed rats.

CONTEXT: Camel milk is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus hypertension and other metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the antisteatotic and antihypertensive effects of camel milk protein hydrolysate (CMH) in high fructose (HF)-fed rats and compared it with the effects afforded by the intact camel milk protein extract (ICM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 each) as 1) control, 2) ICM (1000 mg/kg), 3) CMH (1000 mg/kg), 4) HF (15% in drinking water), 5) HF (15%) + ICM (1000 mg/kg), and 6) HF (15%) + CMH (1000 mg/kg). All treatments were given orally for 21 weeks, daily. RESULTS: Both ICM and CMH reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, and serum levels of ALT and AST, angiotensin II, ACE, endothelin-1, and uric acid in HF-fed rats. In addition, both ICM and CMH reduced hepatic fat deposition in the hepatocytes and reduced hepatocyte damage. This was associated with an increase in the hepatic activity of AMPK, higher PPARα mRNA, reduced expression of fructokinase C, SREBP1, SREBP2, fatty acid synthase, and HMG-CoA-reductase. Both treatments lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the effects of CMH on all these parameters were greater as compared to ICM. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study encourage the use of CMH in a large-scale population and clinical studies to treat metabolic steatosis and hypertension.

Antihypertensive effect of fermented skim camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk on spontaneously hypertensive rats.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in worldwide, thus prevention of hypertension is important in reducing the risks of cardiovascular disease. Milk contains bioactive peptides released during milk fermentation which lead to exhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of fermented skim camel milk on rats and compared with unfermented skim camel milk as control. METHODS: The antihypertensive effect of fermented skim camel milk on thirty six male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was carried out for (short-term) and (long-term) using different doses (80, 240 and 1200 mg/kg body weight). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was also measured using ACE Kit. RESULTS: The blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in short term administration (24 hours) of 1200 mg/kg body weight fermented skim camel milk decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 22 to 36 mmHg and 28 to 32 mmHg, respectively, at four and eight hour of post administration. On the other hand, the blood pressure of fermented skim camel milk for long-term (20 days) decreased and affected the heart rate (beats/min). The lowest record of systolic (41 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (19 mmHg) were at dose of 1200 mg/kg body weight of fermented skim camel milk at 15 days of administration. Likewise, ACE activity in plasma of SHR administered fermented skim camel milk decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The hypotensive effect of fermented skim camel milk by L. helveticus and S. thermophillus in SHR rats depends on the high dose of fermented skim camel milk in short and long-term. The ACE activity inhibitory was clear with fermented skim camel milk.

Antihypertensive effect of fermented skim camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk on spontaneously hypertensive rats / Efecto antihipertensivo de la leche de camello fermentada (Camelus dromedarius) en ratas hipertensas

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in worldwide, thus prevention of hypertension is important in reducing the risks of cardiovascular disease. Milk contains bioactive peptides released during milk fermentation which lead to exhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of fermented skim camel milk on rats and compared with unfermented skim camel milk as control. Methods: The antihypertensive effect of fermented skim camel milk on thirty six male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was carried out for (short-term) and (long-term) using different doses (80, 240 and 1200 mg/kg body weight). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was also measured using ACE Kit. Results: The blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in short term administration (24 hours) of 1200 mg/kg body weight fermented skim camel milk decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 22 to 36 mmHg and 28 to 32 mmHg, respectively, at four and eight hour of post administration. On the other hand, the blood pressure of fermented skim camel milk for long-term (20 days) decreased and affected the heart rate (beats/min). The lowest record of systolic (41 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (19 mmHg) were at dose of 1200 mg/kg body weight of fermented skim camel milk at 15 days of administration. Likewise, ACE activity in plasma of SHR administered fermented skim camel milk decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. Conclusion: The hypotensive effect of fermented skim camel milk by L. helveticus and S. thermophillus in SHR rats depends on the high dose of fermented skim camel milk in short and long-term. The ACE activity inhibitory was clear with fermented skim camel milk (AU)

Introducción: la hipertensión es una de las enfermedades más frecuentes en el mundo, por lo que su prevención es importante en el objetivo de disminuir el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. La leche contiene péptidos bioactivos que se liberan durante su fermentación con un efecto inhibitorio sobre el enzima convertidor de la angiotensina (ECA). Objetivo: el objeto de este estudio fue investigar el efecto antihipertensivo de la leche de camello fermentada en un modelo experimental de ratas con hipertensión comparándolas con un grupo control alimentado con la misma leche sin fermentar. Métodos: se valoró el efecto antihipertensivo de la leche de camello fermentada en 36 ratas macho hipertensas de forma espontánea a corto y a largo plazo usando diferentes dosis (80, 240 y 1.200 mg/kg de peso). También se midió la actividad del ECA. Resultados: la presión arterial (sistólica y diastólica) disminuyó a corto plazo (24 horas) con la dosis de 1.200 mg/kg (p < 0,05), pasando de 36 a 22 mmHg y de 32 a 28 mmHg, respectivamente a las 4 y 8 horas postadministración. Por otra parte, la tensión arterial a largo plazo en el grupo que consumió la leche de camello fermentada afectó disminuyendo la frecuencia cardiaca. Las medidas inferiores de presión sistólica (41 mmHg) y distólica (19 mmHg) aparecieron en el grupo que recibía 1.200 mg/kg a los 15 días del inicio de la administración de leche de camello fermentada. Por otra parte, la actividad del ECA disminuyó signifi cativamente en el grupo con leche fermentada (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: el efecto antihipertensivo de la leche de camello fermentada con L. helveticus y S. Thermophillus en ratas con hipertensión depende la cantidad administrada, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. El efecto inhibitorio sobre el ECA fue manifiesto en el grupo que recibió leche de camello fermentada (AU)